¹Urology & Nephrology Center, Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.

²Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.

³The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.

⁴Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London W1W 7TS, UK.

⁵West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.

⁶Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.

⁷Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.

⁸Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.

⁹Department of Urology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.

¹⁰Department of Urology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.

¹¹Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.

¹²Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel.

¹³Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel.

Received	Accepted	Published
2025-06-26	2026-03-07
Issue Date
2026-10-16