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Sugarcane family evaluation is a key technical method for screening excellent sugarcane hybrid combinations and assessing the breeding value of parents. In this study, 86 sugarcane hybrid combinations were used as the materials for family evaluation. Over consecutive years, investigations were carried out on yield-related traits (plant height, tillering and clump mass), sugar-content traits (brix), and disease/pest resistance traits (smut, top rot, and dead heart seedlings). Subsequently, key evaluation indicators for each trait, including heritability, combining ability, breeding value, and coefficient of variation, were calculated. By employing correlation analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and economic breeding value estimation, the field performance of each hybrid combination and the genetic contributions of the parents were comprehensively evaluated from multiple dimensions. For yield-related traits, cluster weight had an extremely significant positive correlation with both plant height and tiller number (P<0.01). Through principal component analysis, 5 high-yield hybrid combinations (Guitang 04-1545×Zhongtang 12-02) were screened out. Meanwhile, parents including female parent Q208 and male parent XTT22 exhibited outstanding GCA and possessed excellent genetic transmission capacity for yield. For disease and pest resistance traits, the incidence rates of smut and pokkah boeng disease showed an increasing trend year by year with the observation period, while the incidence rate of dead heart seedlings decreased annually. Among them, 5 hybrid combinations (Yuetang 03-373× CP84-1198) exhibited strong comprehensive disease resistance. For sugar-related traits, 5 hybrid combinations (Yunzhe 05-51×Guitang 00-122) performed excellently in brix value and specific combining ability (SCA). Additionally, parents including female parent Yunrui 15-90 and male parent Guitang 04-1001 showed significant high-sugar genetic characteristics, making them excellent parent materials for breeding high-sugar varieties. In the comprehensive trait evaluation, the results of principal component analysis and cluster analysis mutually verified each other. Finally, hybrid combinations with excellent comprehensive performance (LCP85-384×Yuetang 94-128) and core parents with outstanding comprehensive traits (including female parent Guitang 04-1545 and male parent XTT22) were screened out. The results of the study could provide important references for the directional breeding of specialized sugarcane varieties with high yield, high sugar content and disease resistance, as well as the scientific selection and matching of parents in hybrid breeding.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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