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The residue of nitrogen fertilizer in soil is an important destination after nitrogen fertilizer application. Under tropical acidic soil conditions, it is hypothesized that the lack of carbon may further limit soil retention of nitrogen fertilizer in rubber plantation. A field micro-experiment utilizing 15N isotope tracer technology was conducted to investigate the soil nitrogen residual characteristics in rubber plantations with different nitrogen application levels (0 kg/hm2, N0; 100 kg/hm2, N100; 200 kg/hm2, N200; 400 kg/hm2, N400) under the addition of exogenous carbon (100 kg/hm2). The results showed that the soil residual rate of nitrogen fertilizer was 8.8%-17.6% in the first year and 6.6%-16.5% two years later after adding carbon. Notably, the residual rate of nitrogen fertilizer showing a downward trend was observed with the increasing of nitrogen application; compared with the treatment without nitrogen fertilizer, the lower nitrogen application level (100 kg/hm2) under carbon addition had a significant effect on enhancing both soil total nitrogen and organic carbon content. The 2-year field trial revealed that the residual rate under different nitrogen application with carbon addition was higher than that without such addition. Variance analysis showed that exogenous carbon addition had a significant positive effect on the residual rate of nitrogen fertilizer; and carbon addition could effectively enhance the soil retention of nitrogen fertilizer. In conclusion, the deficiency of soil carbon emerged as a critical factor contributing to the low nitrogen residue rates in rubber plantations; therefore, it is imperative to combine chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers during the fertilization process in rubber plantations, while the nitrogen application rate remains moderate.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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