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ITS molecular identification and mycelial antagonism experiments on 11 strains collected in the early stage, then screened and studied the biological characteristics of suitable strains for cultivation in tropical regions based on germplasm evaluation to promote the rapid development of Phallus rubrovolvatus industry in tropical regions. The strains collected were all P. rubrovolvatus, of which two strains were synonyms, resulting in a total of 10 different P. rubrovolvatus strains. In mycelial evaluation experience, the mycelia of strains 147, 160, H29 and L70 showed good growth and high degradability on brown sugar medium and rubber sawdust medium, and the mycelia were able to recover growth after stress at 10 ℃ and 35 ℃, making them suitable for off-season cultivation in tropical regions. In rubber forests, four strains were able to produce mushrooms, and H29 produced mushrooms neatly, good shape, storage resistance and high yield (750 kg/667 m2), making it suitable for on-site growing indusium. L70 strain produced more mushroom-eggs, short growth period and high yield (800 kg/667 m2), making it suitable for concentrated growing indusium of mushroom-eggs after harvesting. In the single factor experiment, the nutritional requirements of H29 and L70 mycelia were basically the same, the most suitable carbon sources were trehalose and starch, the most suitable nitrogen source was malt extract, the most suitable temperature was 25-28 ℃, and the most suitable pH was 4-5. In the orthogonal experiment, both strains showed the best growth in formula 4 (soluble starch, malt extract, 25 ℃, pH=4), demonstrating the results of the single factor experiment. Especially, in formula 6, the mycelia of both strains were whiter and denser, making it suitable for the preservation of P. rubrovolvatus. SPSS analysis showed that the influence degree of various factors on mycelial growth was as follows: nitrogen source>pH>carbon source>temperature (H29), nitrogen source>pH>temperature>carbon source (L70), with nitrogen source and pH having a greater impact. The study could provide reference for breeding, large-scale cultivation of P. rubrovolvatus, and the development of mushroom industry in tropical regions.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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