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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most critical staple crops worldwide, and enhancing its yield is fundamental to ensuring global food security. Shanlan rice, a prominent upland rice variety in the southern regions of China, particularly in the mountainous areas of central Hainan province, is highly valued by farmers for its strong adaptability, drought resistance, and superior stress tolerance. However, traditional Shanlan rice varieties often suffer from challenges such as excessive plant height, vulnerability to lodging, and yield instability, which restrict the broader application in modern agriculture. This study focused on four local Shanlan rice varieties: Wuzhishan Nandui Village Shanlan rice, Huangke Shanlan Nuo, Shanlan Nuo and Shanlan Hong. The varieties were subjected to mutagenic treatment using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). After treatment, superior mutants were selected through screening across M1 to M3 generations based on significantly reduced plant height and either stable or enhanced single-plant yield. The results revealed the successful induction of multiple dwarf, high-yield mutants in all four varieties via EMS mutagenesis. For instance, in Wuzhishan Nandui Village Shanlan rice (WZSNDCSLD2), plant height was reduced by 9.6%, while single-plant yield increased by 52.8%; in Huangke Shanlan Nuo (HKSLN31), plant height decreased by 11.5%, and single-plant yield rose by 46.0%; in Shanlan Nuo (SLN8), plant height was reduced by 15.4%, with a 37.0% increase in single-plant yield; and in Shanlan Hong (SLH6 and SLH9), plant height was reduced by 22.2% and 15.5%, respectively, while single-plant yield increased by 49.6% and 36.8%. The superior mutants also exhibited significant improvements in agronomic traits, including total grain number, spikelet number per panicle, filled grain number per panicle, thousand-grain weight and seed setting rate. The findings of this study demonstrate that EMS mutagenesis is an effective approach for improving both plant height and yield-related traits in Shanlan rice. This research would provide new genetic lines and a solid theoretical foundation for the genetic improvement and molecular breeding of Shanlan rice.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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