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Plant flowering induction is strictly controlled by key regulatory factors of endogenous and environmental signals, which consist of at least 6 closely interlinked but divergent genetic regulation pathways. As an important member of the Phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein (PEBP) family, Flowering Locus T (FT), plays a key role in different pathways. There are two FT genes in hevea, ectopic overexpression in both Arabidopsis thaliana and tobacco can promote early flowering. Quantitative expression analysis of hevea leaves in different months of one year showed that the expression of the two genes was different, and HbFT2 may be a candidate gene. In this study, 35S::HbFT1 and 35S::HbFT2 were transferred into rubber tree by the method of somatic embryo genetic transformation, and 2 and 3 positive embryos were obtained, respectively, and identified as positive by GUS staining. Plants that were directly regenerated by positive embryos or regenerated after secondary somatic embryo propagation were expanded by bud grafting. There were 4 and 7 overexpressing transgenic positive plants of HbFT1 and HbFT2, respectively, but no flowering was seen after 7 years of field planting. The transgenic plants were confirmed as positive plants by both PCR and GUS staining. qRT-PCR analysis of inducing flowering genes of HbFT1 and HbFT2 and inhibiting flowering genes of HbTFL1/CEN showed that the expression of HbFT1 in 35S::HbFT1 positive plants was significantly higher than that of wild-type control, and the expression of HbFT2 gene was relatively low. The expression results of HbFT2 in 35S::HbFT2 positive plants showed that only two were significantly higher than that in the control, and the other 5 plants were not different from the control, and the expression of HbFT1 gene was relatively low. Although the expression of HbFT1 in 35S::HbFT1 positive plants was significantly higher than that in the control, the differences between the progeny obtained from the same positive embryos were also significant, and the expression of HbFT2 in two 35S::HbFT2 positive plants were significant too, which was speculated to be related to the chimerism of embryo transformation. The expression analysis of inhibitory flowering genes showed that the expression of some inhibitory flowering genes was significantly higher than that of FT genes. It was speculated that the early flowering phenotype was not realized because of the high expression of inhibitory flowering genes, and the balanced regulation of FT/TFL1 also existed in hevea.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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