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Hainan is the main producing area of noni in China. Short-term waterlogging stress is caused by typhoons occuring frequently in summer. However, there are few studies on the physiological response of noni to short-term waterlogging stress and after stress relief, and the effect of stress on yield is still unclear. In this study, Noni seedlings growing for 6 months were used as the experimental materials, and short-term waterlogging stress was simulated by potted continuous immersion for 15 days. Dry weight, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), proline (Pro) content of leaves, root activity (TTC), root malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured at 1st, 3rd, 7th, 10th and 15th days after waterlogging. The relevant indexes were measured on the 1st, 7th and 15th day after stress relief, and the yield of waterlogged and non-waterlogged plots in the main producing areas was measured for 3 consecutive years. The results showed that the physiological response of Noni after waterlogging stress was rapid. Compared with non-waterlogging control treatment, the net photosynthetic rate of leaves decreased on the 1st day of waterlogging, the content of Pro increased, the content of MDA in roots increased, the root activity decreased, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as POD and SOD increased. All the indexes changed significantly in the first 7 days. However, after 7 days, the changes of TTC and SOD activity of roots remained significant, but the changes of other indexes were slow, indicating that leaves and roots gradually adopted corresponding strategies to adapt to waterlogging stress. The biomass root shoot ratio of Noni remained unchanged at the initial stage of waterlogging, but decreased significantly after 3 days, which also reflected that Noni plants had responded to waterlogging stress in a short period of time. After the stress was relieved, the physiological processes gradually recovered, and at 15 days, Noni photosynthesis and root activity basically recovered, but the content of peroxides such as MDA was still significantly higher than that of the control, indicating that the toxic effect of peroxides formed under early stress was difficult to eliminate in the short term. The multi-year yield of main producing areas shows that short-term but frequent waterlogging stress can lead to a significant decrease in yield, which is 21.64%–35.21%, which may be related to peroxide toxicity caused by stress. In summary, short-term waterlogging stress not only has a great impact on the physiological process of noni during stress, but also its adverse effects persisted for a long time after the stress is lifted, thereby affecting crop growth and yield. Therefore, for planting noni, the plots with higher terrain and better drainage should be in priority. In water-prone planting areas, water should be drained within 72 hours to minimize the adverse impact.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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