Date palm, a member of the palm family, is dioecious with highly heterozygous genes and severe trait segregation. The propagation of its seedlings depends on asexual reproduction. Tissue culture technology is currently the main approach to realize the commercial production of date palm seedlings. However, the low germination rate of somatic embryos and the long period of seedling formation lead to difficulties in system construction and high tissue culture costs. Therefore, studying the physiological responses of date palm to adventitious bud induction regulated by hormones and optimizing the adventitious bud induction system are urgent tasks. Based on the previous screening of explant types of date palm, an orthogonal experimental design was used to optimize the induction of callus and embryogenic callus. By screening and proportioning the types and concentrations of plant growth regulators in the MS medium, adventitious buds were induced from somatic embryos. The germination rate of adventitious buds and the induction time of buds were statistically analyzed. Date palm adventitious buds obtained under different hormone levels were sampled, and the morphological change patterns of adventitious buds were observed. The change patterns of antioxidant enzyme activities (peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, catalase), hydrogen peroxide content, and other indicators in the samples were determined. The results indicated that the bud induction rate was P₈>P₆>P₅>P₄. The highest bud induction rate was achieved under the P₈ (MS+30 g/L sucrose+3 mg/L NAA+2 mg/L 6-BA+1 mg/L KT) treatment. The shortest bud induction time was under the P₆ (MS+30 g/L sucrose+2 mg/L NAA+3 mg/L 6-BA+1 mg/L KT) treatment. The highest activity of glutathione reductase was under the P₈ treatment. The coefficient of variation was the largest for the activity of glutathione reductase, and the range was the largest for the activity of superoxide dismutase. Principal component analysis revealed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components reached 94.614%. The eigenvalue of the first principal component was 2.365, with a contribution rate of 50.729%. In the first principal component, the activities of glutathione reductase, catalase, and peroxidase jointly affected, among which the eigenvalue of the activity of glutathione reductase was the largest at 0.821, mainly reflecting the influence of the activity of glutathione reductase on adventitious bud induction. The results of the study would provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the adventitious bud induction system and lay a technical foundation for achieving efficient and rapid propagation of date palm.