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1-year-old and 5-year-old Alpinia galanga intercropped under rubber forests was used to understand the photosynthetic physiological characteristics of Alpinia galanga in rainy and dry season, explore its growth adaptability and growth habits, and provide a theoretical basis for its popularization under rubber forests. There were significant differences in photosynthetic parameters between 1-year-old and 5-year-old plants. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr) of 1-year-old plants were higher than those of 5-year-old ones, and Tr was higher in rainy season than in dry season, indicating drought tolerance and stronger photosynthetic capacity in seedlings. There existed differences in light response curve parameters. Light saturation point (LSP) and light compensation point (LCP) of both age groups were between those of heliophytes and sciophytes, confirming shade tolerance. LSP and apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) were higher, while LCP was lower in the dry season, further indicating drought tolerance. The maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) was slightly higher in the dry season, suggesting stronger photosynthetic capacity. Contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and Chl a/b ratio were higher in the dry season, indicating more favorable growth conditions. The 5-year-old plants had thicker upper epidermis and higher palisade-spongy ratio, adapting to shade and drought under rubber forests. The spongy tissue thickness exceeded that of palisade tissue in both age groups, confirming shade tolerance. In conclusion, Alpinia galanga is shade/drought-tolerant with high weak-light utilization. This indicates that dry season conditions and appropriate shading (shading degree of 40%-80%) are more conducive to the growth of Alpinia galanga.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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