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This study aimed to study the effects of long-term grass planting on soil fertility, enzyme activity and microbial diversity in tropical latosol soil, providing theoretical and technical support for improving the fertility and amelioration of tropical latosol soil. Using clean tillage as the control and three grass-planting treatments were established: Reyan No. 2 Stylosanthes (Re) and Ubon Stylosanthes (Ub) and natural grass (NG). Soil samples from 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm layers were collected to measure soil organic matter, pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and related enzyme activities. Utilizing a high-throughput sequencing platform to analyze soil bacterial and fungal communities, and investigating the effects of long-term orchard grass cultivation on the physical and chemical properties, enzyme activity, and microbial diversity of latosol soil. Five years of grass cultivation significantly increased soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen. with higher levels in Reiyan No. 2 and Ubon treatments compared to natural grass. Natural grass significantly increased total phosphorus in the 0-20 cm layer, while Stylosanthes treatments significantly enhanced total phosphorus in the 20-40 cm layer. Long-term grass planting significantly increased urease, acid phosphatase, and sucrase activities in both soil layers, with no notable effect on catalase activity. The Stylosanthes treatments showed higher urease, acid phosphatase, and sucrase activities than natural grass. Correlation analysis revealed that acid phosphatase, urease, and sucrase were extremely significantly positively correlated with organic matter, total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen. Acid phosphatase was significantly positively correlated with pH, while catalase only correlated significantly with organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen. Long-term grass cultivation, particularly the Ubon treatment, increased bacterial OTUs numbers in the 20-40 cm layer. Grass cultivation altered bacterial and fungal community compositions. The dominated bacterial phyla were Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Verrucomicrobia and Proteobacteria. In the 0-20 cm layer, grass cultivation increased the relative abundances of Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and Proteobacteria but reduced Chloroflexi. For fungal, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota were dominant. Grass cultivation decreased Ascomycota abundance while increasing Mucoromycota. Soil environmental factors significantly influenced microbial communities. Acid phosphatase, organic matter, urease and pH were key drivers of bacterial community changes, whereas organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, sucrase and urease primarily shaped fungal community structure. Long-term grass cultivation in orchards, particularly Stylosanthes, significantly increased the organic matter, total nitrogen, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content in latosol soil. It also enhanced the activities of soil urease, acid phosphatase, and invertase enzymes. Furthermore, it altered the community structure and diversity of both soil bacteria and fungi, thereby effectively improving soil fertility and ameliorating the soil micro-ecological environment.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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