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Natural rubber serum (NRS), a by-product generated during the processing of natural rubber (NR), contains all essential plant nutrients and numerous high-value bioactive components such as quebrachitol, ergothioneine, glutathione, and functional proteins, demonstrates significant resource utilization potential. Effective exploitation of NRS can not only mitigate environmental pollution and reduce disposal costs but also extend the NR industrial chain and enhance the economic benefits of the NR industry. In recent years, technological innovations in membrane separation, crystallization purification, fermentation, and biological extraction have facilitated substantial progress in the resource utilization of NRS. This paper systematically reviewed the component characteristics of NRS and advances in its application in multiple fields. It detailed the research and utilization of plant-derived nutrients in NRS, with a focus on the application progress of its bioactive components in high-value fields such as biomedicine and cosmetics. Finally, prospects for future applications were discussed, aiming to provide references for related research and support the green transformation and sustainable development of the NR industry.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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