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Cadmium (Cd) is a highly mobile heavy metal in soil, exhibiting greater mobility than other heavy metals and readily entering the topsoil in free ionic forms, thereby facilitating uptake by crops. Application of silicon (Si) and zinc (Zn) fertilizers can modulate Cd accumulation in rice, while novel nano-fertilizers, owing to their unique physicochemical properties, effectively mitigate Cd stress. A pot experiment was conducted with six treatments: conventional fertilizer (CF), Cd + conventional fertilizer (Cd), Cd + conventional Si fertilizer (Cd+Si), Cd + nano-Si fertilizer (Cd+nSi), Cd + conventional Zn fertilizer (Cd+Zn), and Cd + nano-Zn fertilizer (Cd+nZn). This study investigates the effects of different Si and Zn fertilizer types on rice growth, Cd uptake, and translocation under Cd stress. The results revealed: (1) Under Cd stress, rice plant height, stem diameter, biomass, and root growth decreased significantly. Silicon and zinc fertilizers effectively alleviated Cd-induced growth inhibition. At the booting stage, nano-Si treatment restored plant height and stem diameter to levels comparable to the CF control. Compared with the Cd treatment, biomass increased by 38.68% (Cd+nSi) and 35.20% (Cd+nZn), while root fresh weight rose by 31.44% (Cd+nSi) and 24.84% (Cd+nZn). (2) Cd stress markedly reduced leaf chlorophyll content, suppressing chlorophyll biosynthesis. Foliar Si and Zn applications enhanced chlorophyll by 5.99%–7.68% and nitrogen content by 4.70%–8.19% at the booting stage, with nano-Si achieving the highest levels. (3) Soil pH increased notably after Si and Zn amendments, peaking under nano-Si (+10.51% vs. Cd). Bioavailable Cd declined significantly: Cd+nSi and Cd+nZn reduced it by 14.54% and 16.36%, respectively, and lowered the Cd transfer coefficient by 17.77% and 15.54%. (4) Nano-Si outperformed nano-Zn in suppressing Cd uptake and translocation. The bioconcentration factor decreased by 36.63% (Cd+nSi) and 31.08% (Cd+nZn), while the translocation factor dropped by 13.70% (Cd+nSi) and 2.72% (Cd+nZn) versus the Cd treatment. Overall, nano-fertilizers surpassed conventional fertilizers in mitigating Cd stress, with nano-Si demonstrating superior efficacy over nano-Zn in restricting Cd accumulation and transfer in rice.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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