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The germplasm resources of Amomum tsao-ko (AT) at different altitudes in Nujiang, Yunnan were used as the materials to explore the genetic diversity of the agronomic phenotypic traits of AT germplasm resources at different areas. The genetic diversity of the agronomic phenotypic traits of AT was analyzed by measuring 8 agronomic phenotypic traits, using coefficient of variation, genetic diversity index, variance analysis, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that there were large variations in the agronomic phenotypic traits, and the variation coefficient was 7.63%-32.51%, among which the variation coefficient of tiller number was the largest. The traits showed good diversity, H' (diversity index) was 1.933-2.355, with an average of 2.024. There were significant differences in the agronomic phenotypic traits among different germplasms. There was a significant positive correlation between fruit longitudinal diameter and fruit shape index and fruit weight. There was a significant positive correlation between fruit transverse diameter and fruit weight. There was a significant negative correlation between fruit shape index and leaf width. Cluster analysis divided the AT germplasm resources at different areas into two groups, among which the AT germplasm resources from the areas of Lushui and from Fugong were clustered into one group. Three principal components were extracted from eight agronomic phenotypic traits, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 76.940%, which could comprehensively reflect most of the information of agronomic phenotypic traits of AT. The comprehensive evaluation results showed that SD12, SD20, SD7, SD17, SD18 and SD5 were ranked in the top six, and the comprehensive performance was better. The genetic diversity of the agronomic phenotypic traits of 24 AT germplasm resources in different areas of Nujiang, Yunnan is relatively rich, and the variability of AT germplasm resources in different areas is obvious. Among them, the agronomic phenotypic traits of SD12, SD20, SD7, SD17, SD18 and SD5 AT are better, which are more suitable for breeding.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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