Diversity, correlation, cluster analysis and principal component analysis were condunted on 16 quantitative traits and 13 qualitative traits of 124 germplasm resources of Abelmoschus esculentus to clarify the genetic diversity and phenotypic traits of A. esculentus germplasm resources, and to provide a reference basis for the identification, evaluation, and innovative utilization of A. esculentus resources. The coefficient of variation of the 16 quantitative traits ranged from 8.2% to 59.8%, with an average coefficient of variation of 18.7%. The genetic diversity index ranged from 1.51 to 2.07, with an average of 1.94. The diversity index of qualitative traits ranged from 0.08 to 1.52. The diversity of fruit color, leaf color and leaf margin morphology was relatively high, while traits such as petal color and sepal retention were highly conservative. Correlation analysis showed that there was a close synergistic relationship among the leaf morphology (such as leaf length and leaf width), plant structure (such as plant height and plant width) and fruit characteristics (such as fruit longitudinal diameter and weight) of A. esculentus, while there was an antagonistic relationship among yield-related traits (number of fruits per plant and number of seeds). Principal component analysis simplified the 16 quantitative traits into 4 principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 99.25%. The contribution rate of the first principal component was 96.17%, indicating that plant height, plant width, commercial fruit length, commercial fruit width, fruit weight, and seed number per fruit had the greatest impact on phenotypic diversity. Based on the cluster analysis of Euclidean distance, the germplasm resources of A. esculentus were divided into four major groups. Group Ⅰ accounted for 70.16% of the resources and was mainly characterized by early maturity (short flowering period), low flowering node, short plant height, small plant width, and a high number of fruits per plant. This group was suitable for breeding new varieties with early maturity, high yield, and dense planting. Group Ⅱ accounted for 25.81% of the resources and was characterized by larger fruits, heavier single fruit weight, and larger leaves, which could be used for breeding mid-season varieties. Group Ⅲ and Group Ⅳ were primarily characterized by late maturity, taller plant height, larger leaves, and higher biomass yield, making them suitable for breeding feed-purpose varieties. Through quantitative and qualitative trait analyses of genetic diversity in okra germplasm resources, as well as principal component analysis and cluster analysis, the genetic variation, correlations, and genetic diversity relationships among various traits were elucidated. This study identified traits associated with early maturity and high yield, laying a foundation for the conservation and efficient utilization of okra germplasm resources, as well as for breeding new early-maturing and high-yielding varieties.