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The study was aimed to breed new coffee varieties with good characteristics for improving the yield and quality of Yunnan coffee production. Arabica coffee hybrid F1 was introduced from Nestle R&D Center in France to Pu’er to study plant growth, fruiting characteristics, yield and bean physical properties. The varieties are 107, 117, 118,120, 121, 10×25 and 12×25, and the control is T8667, a widely planted cultivar. The test sites were Simao, Ning’er, Menglian and Jiangcheng. The results indicated that the plant height, stem diameter and crown width of the 3-year-old plant for the varieties was 84.20-175.00 cm, 21.69-53.34 mm, and 74.80-165.30 cm, respectively. All test varieties were dwarf plant. GPFA117 showed thicker stems and wider crown, 118 and 121 had better crown width than the control. The number of primary branches was 34.00~62.20. The longest primary branch length and diameter range was 43.40-89.00 cm, 4.86-11.40 mm respectively. The varieties with excellent performance were those with more number of primary branches, strong and long branches. 117, 118 and 121. 10×25 showed longer primary branches than the control, and the primary branch of 107, 120 varieties was thicker and longer, which can also be used as a good trait in future breeding. The least number fruits per node were 12×25 and T8667, and other varieties had more than 15 fruits per node. The variety 107, 117, 118, 120, 121 and 10×25 had the highest fresh fruit yield per plant and dry bean yield per hectare, up to 4.50–6.58 kg and 3289.46–4968.57 kg. Varieties 117, 118 and 120 had an average dry bean yield of over 3000 kg/hm2 during the two-year peak production period, indicating a relatively high level of yield. It showed the advantage of high yield of hybrid varieties respectively. The fresh-dry ratio was (4.31-6.48)∶1, the highest was 10×25. The weight of 100 parchment beans was 14.93-20.67 g, and that of 12×25 was the smallest one. Others showed completely filled fruit and medium bean granularity. Varieties 117, 118, 120, 121 and 10×25 had some excellent traits such as plants shorter, thicker stems, wider crown, more thicker and longer primary branches, high yield, plump fruits, medium grain size over T8667. The varieties would provide scientific basis for promoting high-yield and high-quality coffee varieties in production.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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