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The study was aimed to cope with the rapid increase in demand for patchouli [Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth.] and to solve the problems of lack of patchouli medicinal materials, germplasm degradation, confusion of germplasm sources, and vulnerability to diseases and pests. Callus, cluster buds and rooting seedling of patchouli were irradiated with a gradient dose of 60Co-γ rays. The appearance and morphology of regenerated plants were observed, the mutated plants were screened, the agronomic traits and physiological and biochemical indicators were measured, and the content of pogostone and patchouli alcohol, the main volatile components, were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that calluses and cluster buds were more sensitive to 60Co-γ rays and had higher mortality rate, while rooting seedlings were more tolerant to 60Co-γ rays and had lower mortality. The best way to breed mutagenesis is 60Co-γ treated rooting seedlings with irradiation doses of 100 Gy with a mutagenesis rate of up to 10%. In this experiment, 29 patchouli variant plants were obtained, which were divided into seven morphological types, namely three-leaf whorls, heteromorphic leaves, deep-split leaves, narrow leaves, coiled leaves, undercoiled leaves and purple leaves. The contents of osmotic conditioning substances [soluble sugar, soluble protein and free proline (Pro)], antioxidant substances [malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT)], pogostone and patchouli alcohol were compared and analyzed. According to the analysis results of the above determination indicators, 15 potential plants were finally screened, namely: stress-resistant plants with high effective components SY7 and ZY1; environmentally sensitive plants with high effective components SY15, SY18 and XY1; stress-resistant plants SY2, SY6, SY19, YY2, YY9 and XJY1; high active ingredient plants SY10 and SY17; “pogostone-type” patchouli plants SY3 and JY1. Among them, SY7 and ZY1 are new germplasms with double excellent characteristics, and the two “pogostone-type” patchouli plants have application value for solving the problems of the lack of authentic medicinal materials and the degradation of germplasm. In this study, patchouli variant plants bred by the 60Co-γ ray irradiation mutagenesis method have the advantages of strong stress resistance and high active ingredients, which would provide mature methods and potential germplasm for patchouli mutagenesis breeding and new variety breeding.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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