Using the meteorological data and disaster information of 18 meteorological stations in Hainan Island in winter (from December to February of the next year) of 1971 to 2020, this paper constructed the meteorological index of chilling injury to winter vegetables with biological characteristics which not only considered the influence of overcast rain and few sunlight, but also could quantify the influence of previous cold injury processes. Combining Mann-Kendall trend test method and ArcGIS techniques, the spatiotemporal change law of chilling injury to winter vegetables in Hainan Island was obtained. The areas with high probability of chilling injury to vegetables in December, January and February and the areas with high probability of light, medium and severe chilling injury to vegetables in each month were mainly distributed in the northwest and middle of Hainan Island, while the areas with low probability were mainly distributed in the west-south-east coastal regions. The chilling injury to vegetables in each month was mainly light and moderate grade, accounting for about 88.3%. Among the three months, chilling injury to vegetables occurred most frequently in January (48.6%), and chilling injury of all grades to vegetables also occurred most frequently in January (50.2%, 43.4% and 40.2% respectively). In the recent 50 years, the annual occurrence times of cold injury to vegetables in each month of winter in Hainan Island were not significantly decreasing in most stations (83.3%, 94.4% and 72.2% respectively). Among the different grades of cold injury to vegetables in 3 months, only the annual occurrence times of severe cold injury to vegetables in February showed an increasing trend in many stations (38.9%), the annual occurrence times of other grades of cold injury were also not significantly decreasing in most stations (61.1%-88.9%). The influence scope of different grades of cold injury to vegetables in each month all decreased significantly in the order of light to severe chilling injury. Compared with each other in three months, the influence scope of cold injury to vegetables in Hainan Island were close to each other in December and February and were significantly smaller than that in January, the influence scope of light and moderate cold injury to vegetables also showed similar rules between months, while the influence scope of severe cold injury to vegetables were close to each other in December and January and were significantly larger than that in February. In the recent 50 years, the influence scope of chilling injury to vegetables in Hainan Island in December, January and February and the influence scope of different grades of chilling injury to vegetables in each month were all non-significant shrinking. In general, in the recent 50 years, the annual occurrence times of cold injury to winter vegetables was decreasing and the influence scope was shrinking, which was generally beneficial to the cultivation of winter vegetables in Hainan Island. However, in February, the annual occurrence times of severe cold injury to vegetables in eastern, central and western regions were increasing, which should be paid attention to.