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The biological macromolecules such as polysaccharides and terpenes in Sanghuangporus spp. aqueous extract have inhibitory effects on tumor cells, but the function was not yet clear. This study obtained small molecule compounds of Sanghuangporus sanghuang Sheng H. Wu, L. W. Zhou & Y. C. Dai and Phellinus baumii aqueous extracts through 3000 D ultrafiltration, and studied the inhibitory activities on mouse hepatocarcinoma cells Hepa 1-6 using dual fluorescence labeling. The anticancer active ingredients were analyzed using metabolomics analysis. The results showed that the small molecule compounds of S. sanghuang Sheng H. Wu and P. baumii could induce injury and apoptosis of Hepa 1-6, with inhibition rates of (38.64±4.35)% and (32.52±3.57)%, respectively. Meanwhile, the inhibition rates of small molecule compounds reached (77.27±6.21)% and (76.92±5.45)%, respectively, after mixing with crude polysaccharides. Metabolomic analysis showed that anti-cancer small molecular agents such as ellipticine, betonicine, cerebroside-B etc., were identified in the aqueous extract of Sanghuangporus spp. Antitumor related substances such as heterocyclic compounds (6-fluoroindole, 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine, 1'-naphthoyl-2-methylindole, etc.), nucleoside and bases (1-methyladenosine, N6-methyladenosine, 2'-O-methyladenosine, etc.), dipeptides (leucine+*, isoleucine+*, γ-glutamine+*, etc.), sugar alcohols (xylitol, ribose, mannitol, erythritol, etc.), were identified too. The results indicate that the aqueous extract of Sanghuangporus spp. contains multiple small molecular agents against tumor cells, which have a synergistic anti-cancer effect with biological macromolecules such as polysaccharides. This would provide a scientific basis for understanding the mechanism of anti-tumor of Sanghuangporus spp. and the development and application of functional substances.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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