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To develop sustainable sugarcane production and scientific use of nitrogen fertilizer, the effect of long-term application of nitrogen fertilizer on the soil and endophytic fungal compositions in the rhizosphere and roots were explored. The soil and endophytic fungal compositions in the rhizospheres and roots of sugarcanes under long-term application of nitrogen fertilizers were analyzed. 0, 96, 482, 964 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer application (CK, L, M, H) were set in the same sugarcanes field, and based on the high-throughput sequencing techniques, the soil and endophytic fungal compositions in the rhizospheres and roots of sugarcanes were analyzed. In comparison with CK, although the richness of soil fungi in the rhizospheres of sugarcanes was significantly increased by different nitrogen application levels (P<0.05), particularly, L, M and H treatments increased by 39.58%, 24.04% and 35.33%, respectively; the diversity was not significantly different. Meanwhile, there were not significantly different in the diversity and richness of the endophytic fungi in the sugarcane roots under different nitrogen application treatments. Moreover, the soil fungi in the rhizospheres of sugarcanes, the relative abundances of Saitozyma, Trichoderma, unclassified_p__Ascomycota and Fusarium increased under nitrogen application. On the contrary, the relative abundances of Talaromyces, unclassified_f__Herpotrichiellaceae, Coniosporium, Penicillium, Chaetosphaeria, Chaetomium, unclassified_o__Hypocreales decressed under nitrogen application. In addition, the endophytic fungi in sugarcane roots, unclassified_k__Fungi and unclassified_p__Ascomycota increased, and Talaromyces, Chaetomium, unclassified_f__Strophariaceae decreased under different nitrogen application treatments. The results showed that the enrichment of single soil fungal communities in the rhizospheres or roots, and the potential risk of decreasing cane resistance could be induced by long-term nitrogen fertilizer application only. Meanwhile, in view of maintaining the soil health in the rhizospheres of sugarcanes, the optimal nitrogen application rate for sugarcane was 96 kg/hm2.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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