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GRAS is a plant-specific transcription factor, which plays an important regulatory role in plant growth and development, and abiotic stress response. GRAS gene family has not been reported in Hevea brasiliensis. In this study, bioinformatics tools were used to analyze the physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, chromosome positions, and cis-acting elements of promoters of GRAS gene family members in H. brasiliensis. The expression patterns of HbGRAS were analyzed by transcriptome data and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). A total of 91 GRAS family members were identified from H. brasiliensis genome, named HbGRAS1–HbGRAS91, with molecular weights ranging from 14.07–89.46 kDa. The results of subcellular localization prediction showed that HbGRAS was mainly localized in the nucleus and chloroplast. Those proteins were divided into 14 subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis. The gene structures and motif compositions within the same subfamily were relatively conserved. The 91 GRAS family members were distributed in 17 chromosomes and two scaffolds except for chromosome 11 in rubber tree. We found that 17 HbGRAS genes were involved in 10 tandem repeat events. Collinearity analysis revealed the segmental duplication regions containing 87 HbGRAS genes, suggested that gene fragment duplication may be the major driver of GRAS gene expansion in H. brasiliensis. Cis-acting element prediction showed that HbGRAS family contained multiple phytohormone and stress-responsive elements. The expression patterns of HbGRAS genes had tissue specificity and were associated with leaf development. The expressions of DELLA genes, a member of the GRAS subfamily, were related to the xylem development and were repressed by gibberellin (GA). Those results provide a reference for functional research on the GRAS genes in rubber trees.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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