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Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.), a crucial sugar crop in China, faces yield and quality constraints due to soil nutrient limitations. Severe soil acidification and nutrient imbalances in the southwestern Yunnan sugarcane-growing areas hinder the sustainable development of the industry. This study aimed to clarify the driving effects of soil stoichiometric characteristics on sugarcane leaf nutrient uptake, identify critical thresholds for soil acidification and nutrient limitations, and provide theoretical and technical foundations for precision fertilization and soil improvement. Soil (0-30 cm depth) and leaf samples were systematically collected from 121 sugarcane fields across nine townships in Lianghe County, Yunnan Province using a grid-based sampling strategy. Soil parameters analyzed included pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and DTPA-extractable micronutrients. Leaf nutrients (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium) were analyzed after H2SO4-H2O2 digestion. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to construct multi-path networks linking soil fertility (organic matter, total N/P/K, available nutrients), micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn), and environmental factors (pH) to leaf nutrient dynamics. Model parameters were optimized via maximum likelihood estimation, with standardized path coefficients (β) and determination coefficients (R2) quantifying factor contributions. Soils exhibited pronounced acidification (mean pH=5.07), with 78.23% of samples ≤pH 5.5. Zinc deficiency (<1.5 mg/kg) occurred at 84.75% of sites, while TK (2.27%), available Fe (59.90 mg/kg), and available Cu (1.04 mg/kg) remained relatively high; Organic matter correlated strongly with TN (r=0.929**), TP (r=0.614**), AN (r=0.847**), AP (r=0.642**), and AK (r=0.399**), indicating its central role in nutrient retention. Soil acidification (pH<5.5) reduced cation exchange capacity by 26.7% and negatively correlated with AN (r=–0.290**). Neutral to slightly acidic conditions (pH 6.0–6.5) enhanced phosphorus and potassium availability. Soil available nutrients emerged as pivotal drivers of leaf nutrient assimilation. This study systematically illustrated the multi-path regulatory mechanisms of soil stoichiometric traits driving sugarcane leaf nutrient uptake in southwestern Yunnan's sugarcane belt, quantitatively linking acidification with nutrient dysregulation. It is proposed that an integrated fertilization strategy—“ameliorate acidity-supplement zinc-regulate nitrogen-enhance carbon” should serve as the technical paradigm for high-yield sugarcane cultivation and sustainable soil management, which also could be universally referred by the agricultural ecosystems in tropical and subtropical acidic soils.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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