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Leguminous green manure cover cropping and incorporation play a crucial role in improving soil conditions and enhancing nutrient cycling in ecosystems. Studying the decomposition characteristics and nutrient release patterns of green manure is of significant importance for the sustainable production of rubber plantations. This study selected four representative tropical leguminous green manures: Pueraria phaseoloides Benth (GT), Crotalavia anagroides H.B.K (ZSD), Tephrosia candida DC. (SMD), and Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw. (ZHC). During the vigorous growth period of the green manures, a 260-day field in-situ decomposition experiment was conducted using the nylon mesh bag method to explore the decomposition characteristics and nutrient release patterns of the leguminous green manures from different genera. The dry matter decomposition characteristics followed the “Olson” exponential model. The decomposition constants (k) ranked as follows, GT (3.01)>SMD (2.51) and ZHC (2.36)>ZSD (2.01), with GT being significantly higher than ZSD (P<0.05). At the end of the experiment, the dry matter remaining rate of the four green manures was ZSD (24.7%)>SMD (22.7%)>ZHC (21.7%)>GT (17.3%). The time required for 95% decomposition was 17.9, 15.3, 14.3, and 11.9 months, respectively. For carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), the remaining rate across the four green manures (GT, ZSD, SMD, ZHC) was N (15.5%–34.0%)>P (11.9%–30.4%)>C (15.1%–22.2%)>K (0.58%–1.07%). Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) residue ratea was Ca (45.0%–64.0%)>Mg (11.5%–31.9%). Iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) showed average residue rate of 160.9%, 138.3%, and 110.6%, respectively, indicating enrichment effects, while manganese (Mn) had an average residue rate of 36.3%. Notably, GT exhibited complete nutrient release for all elements, with the lowest remaining rate among the four green manures. In contrast, ZSD, SMD, and ZHC demonstrated enrichment effects for Fe, Cu, and Zn. In conclusion, the differences in decomposition and nutrient release characteristics among green manures would provide critical theoretical support for nutrient cycling and soil fertility improvement in rubber plantations, and technical guidance for sustainable rubber plantation management.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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