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Impact of Compound Drought-hot Events on the Gross Primary Productivity of Rubber Plantations
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Qinggele BAO1, Zhixiang WU2, Wenjie LIU1, 3, 4, Ziqin WANG1, Lan WU1, 2, 3, Zhongyi SUN1, 3, 4, *
Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops | 2025, 46(9) : 2190 - 2203
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Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops | 2025, 46(9): 2190-2203
• Post-harvest Treatment & Quality Safety •
Impact of Compound Drought-hot Events on the Gross Primary Productivity of Rubber Plantations
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Qinggele BAO1, Zhixiang WU2, Wenjie LIU1, 3, 4, Ziqin WANG1, Lan WU1, 2, 3, Zhongyi SUN1, 3, 4, *
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
  • 2.Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 3.Key Laboratory of Agro-forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
  • 4.Sanya Tropical Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China
Published: 2025-09-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.09.017
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Rubber plantations represent one of the most widespread planted forest ecosystems in tropical regions, playing a significant role in regional carbon cycles. Global climate change has led to increasingly frequent Compound Drought-hot Events (CDHEs), posing severe challenges to rubber plantation ecosystem functions. This study focuses on rubber plantations in Hainan Island, China. Utilizing standardized soil moisture and land surface temperature indices, we constructed a Compound Drought-Hot Index (CDHI) based on Copula functions to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of CDHEs from 2001 to 2020, validated against historical typical drought and hot events in Hainan. Using Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) as an evaluation metric, Copula-based conditional probabilities were applied to quantitatively assess GPP loss risks under different drought-hot scenarios and evaluate compound effects. Key findings include: (1) The developed CDHI accurately identified severe CDHEs during 2001—2020, with 2005 and 2020 being the most extreme years. (2) Across all intensity levels (mild, moderate, severe), CDHEs caused significantly higher probabilities of GPP loss in rubber plantations compared to isolated drought or hot events (P<0.001), confirming the synergistic amplification effect of compound events. (3) GPP loss risks exhibited distinct spatial heterogeneity influenced by regional topography-climate interactions, with northwestern rubber plantation areas showing consistently higher vulnerability across all scenarios. (4) CDHE impacts demonstrated marked seasonal differences, being substantially greater during the dry season (particularly April—May) than the rainy season, coinciding with critical phenological stages of rubber trees and forming sensitive windows of environmental stress. This study reveals the spatiotemporal differentiation of CDHE impacts on rubber plantation GPP, providing scientific foundations for regional climate-resilient management strategies and sustainable rubber plantation practices. It also offers methodological references for studying extreme climate responses in other tropical planted forest ecosystems.

compound events  /  compound drought-hot index (CDHI)  /  copula-based conditional probability  /  Hainan Island
Qinggele BAO, Zhixiang WU, Wenjie LIU, Ziqin WANG, Lan WU, Zhongyi SUN. Impact of Compound Drought-hot Events on the Gross Primary Productivity of Rubber Plantations[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (9) : 2190 -2203 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.09.017
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Article Info
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.09.017
  • Receive Date：2025-04-23
  • Online Date：2026-03-07
  • Published：2025-09-25
Article Data
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History
  • Received：2025-04-23
  • Accepted：2025-06-08
Funding
Affiliations
    1.School of Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
    2.Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571101, China
    3.Key Laboratory of Agro-forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
    4.Sanya Tropical Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rdzwxb/EN/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.09.017
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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