The evaluation index system of heat resistance of Camellia gauchowensis Chang was studied to screen out varieties with strong heat resistance, and to provide theoretical basis for the breeding and cultivation of heat resistant varieties. Using six Camellia gauchowensis Chang clones as the test materials, 14 leaf morpholog, anatomical structure and leaf stoma related indexes were measured by image software analysis, paraffin section and nail polish blotting methods. Cluster analysis and correlation analysis were performed by SPSS software to screen out the main indicators related to heat resistance. The average membership function was calculated by EXCEL software for comprehensive evaluation of heat resistance and ranking. The leaves of C. gauchowensis Chang were composed of upper and lower epidermal cells, mesophyll tissue cells and leaf midribs. The leaf was ectopic leaves, the thickness of the upper epidermis was greater than that of the lower epidermis, the stomata was distributed in the lower epidermis, the palisade tissue was closely arranged 1-2 layers, and the spongy tissue was loosely arranged. leaf midribs were mainly composed of upper and lower epidermis and closely arranged vascular bundles. There were significant differences in leaf morphology and anatomical structure among the six clones (P<0.05). The 14 indicators were divided into four categories by systematic clustering. Leaf length, leaf width and leaf area were in the first category, leaf thickness, palisade tissue thickness, leaf structure compactness and palisade-sea ratio were in the second category, thickness of the upper epidermis, the thickness of the lower epidermis, leaf structure porosity, sponge tissue thickness and stomatal density were in the third category, and thickness of the leaf midrib and the thickness of the vascular bundle were in forth category. Leaf area, palisade tissue thickness, spongy tissue thickness and vascular bundle thickness were found to be the typical indicators of heat resistance of C. gauchowensis Chang by correlation coefficients analysis. The membership function formula was used to calculate the four typical indicators, and the comprehensive calculation and sorting were carried out according to the average membership degree. The heat resistance ranking of the six C. gauchowensis Chang clones was A16>A5>HMZ24>A11>HM19>HMZ25. The leaf indicators affecting the heat resistance of C. gauchowensis Chang are mainly leaf area, palisade tissue thickness, spongy tissue thickness and vascular bundle tissue thickness. There is a big difference in the analysis of a certain index, and the comprehensive comparative analysis through the membership function method can reflect the difference in heat resistance of Camellia gauchowensis Chang.