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The southern ecological type of Chinese yam variety Guihuai5 was used to investigate the mutagenic effect of 60Co-γ radiation. In a certain dose range, 60Co-γ radiation had highly significant inhibitory effect on the germination and seedling growth of Chinese yam bulbils. The linear regression equation between the radiation dose and germination rate was y =-0.8776x+103.37. According to this, the half-lethal-dose and 40%-lethal-dose was 60.8 Gy and 72.2 Gy respectively. 40 Gy radiation treatment had no inhibitory effect on the germination, growth and development of the M1 generation population of the bulbils. On the contrary, it showed a promoting effect in some extent. Radiation treatment induced increased tuber length, diameter and weight in the off spring plants of M1 generation. The radiation treatment induced fascicular branching in some individual tubers in the M1 generation, which resulted in the tuber change from long-column-shaped shape to irregular-block-shaped shape, and the weight of single tuber increased greatly. This occurred particularly in 90% of the plants harvested in the 100 Gy treatment. 60Co- γ treatment induced mutations with twin tubers in the M1 generation of the treated bulbils. The occurrence probability of the twin mutation was the highest in the 60 Gy treatment, accounting for 8% of the plants harvested. From the M1 generation, 18 mutants with twin tubers, 11 mutants with large tubers and 1 mutant with female flowers were obtained. The results of this experiment indicate a bright prospect for radiation induction breeding of Chinese yam, and would provide basic materials for the further breeding of new Chinese yam varieties and lines.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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