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In this study, 27 phenotypic traits of the floral organs of 135 Phalaenopsis varieties were observed and analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of Phalaenopsis germplasm resources and the directional breeding of new varieties. 135 Phalaenopsis germplasm resources collected and preserved in the Fuzhou Branch of the New Plant Variety Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs were used as the test materials to collect data on 27 phenotypic traits of Phalaenopsis orchid organs and analyze the flower phenotypic traits. The distribution frequency, coefficient of variation, Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index, and correlation, principal component and cluster analysis of quantitative traits were studied. The majority of butterfly orchid organs were violet petals, racemes, separated petals and no fragrance, which accounted for 31.85%, 60.74%, 79.26% and 84.44% of the corresponding description distribution frequencies respectively. The Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index of the lobes in the lip were the highest, 0.992 and 7.047, respectively, and the diversity was the most abundant. The variation coefficient of quantitative traits ranged from 19.79% to 52.72%, of which the coefficient of variation of the number of inflorescences was the largest, which was 52.72%. Most of the main quantitative traits had extremely significant positive correlations. Principal component analysis extracted 3 quantitative traits as the representative traits for evaluating Phalaenopsis phenotypic traits, and calculated comprehensive scores. The top 3 were 'JB2312', 'Wanhuayanhuo' and 'Dongfanghong' respectively. The R-type cluster analysis showed that the 16 quantitative traits of Phalaenopsis could be divided into 4 categories, and the Q-type cluster analysis showed that the 135 Phalaenopsis varieties were divided into 5 major species groups. Our research indicates that the flower phenotypes of 135 Phalaenopsis varieties have rich genetic diversity.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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