Secondary forests contribute to the global forest resources to a large extent and have a rich variety of types. Global resources and environment are facing a critical situation, and maintaining secondary forest resources from more damage, scientific research, rational use and effective management are important means of scientific mitigation. In this paper, different secondary forests in Wuzhishan were used as research objects, typical sample plots were set up, community plants were investigated from different levels, and the community composition, importance values and plant diversity were analyzed, the differences of soil physicochemical properties at different levels in terms of content were analyzed, and the correlation between plant diversity and soil physicochemical properties was analyzed by stepwise regression analysis. The study area was dominated by tree and shrub layers, and the herbaceous layer was dominated by dark green curly cypress. The species richness index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index of different secondary forest communities showed that tree layer>shrub layer>herbaceous layer, and the Simpson dominance index and Pielou evenness index showed that shrub layer>tree layer>herbaceous layer. The soil in the study area was acidic, the organic matter, total nitrogen, total potassium and alkaline nitrogen content of soil show a gradual decreased with increasing soil levels. While there was no significant difference in the physical properties of soil in different soil layers. The soil factors affecting the plant diversity index significantly were soil saturation water content, soil capillary void space, soil capacitance, total phosphorus and total potassium. The diverse characteristics of soil water content, soil nutrients, soil texture and their complex interaction had a synergistic effect on the change of plant diversity of secondary forest community. There was a positive correlation between vegetation diversity and soil action. By studying the physical and chemical properties of aboveground plant community and soil of different secondary forests in Wuzhishan City, the basic situation of community diversity of different secondary forests in Wuzhishan was mastered, the difference of community succession of different secondary forests was clarified, and the change of secondary forests was revealed, in order to provide theoretical basis for rational utilization and protection of forest community succession.