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Cowpea wilt is a soil-borne fungal disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. tracheiphilum (FOT), and is one of the most important diseases of cowpea. In our study, several biocontrol bacteria were isolated and evaluated. One of the bacteria which were found the best antagonistic effect to FOT was identified and studied on its antagonistic mechanism and growth promoting function, while it was evaluated by the control and growth-promoting effects. This study established the foundation for the research and development of excellent biocontrol agents for cowpea Fusarium wilt. 93 strains of bacteria were isolated by plate dilution method, and 11 biocontrol strains, which exhibited good inhibitory effect on the pathogenic bacteria of cowpea wilt, were screened by plate confrontation method, and the antagonistic strain SD13 had the best inhibition rate (the inhibition rate reached 82.0%). SD13 was identified as Bacillus velezensis based on Morphology and 16S rDNA sequence. Liquid medium co-culture method showed that SD13 could break down the cell wall of the hyphae, spores, and germinated spores of the FOT. Assay medium test results indicated that SD13 could secrete cellulase, protease and β-1,3-glucanase, and had the function related to the production of siderophore, nitrogen fixation and solubilise inorganic phosphorus. Plate confrontation method showed that SD13 had antagonistic activity against a wide spectrum of pathogenic fungi, with inhibition rate ranging from 66.7% to 82.3%. Pot experiments indicated that in four treatments in concentration of 104, 106, 108, 109 CFU/mL, there were the best control effect of SD13 in concentration of 106 CFU/mL, reaching 62.0%, and the growth promotion effect was the second, lower than that of the concentration of 108 CFU/mL. This study shows that SD13 has good biocontrol and growth-promoting effects, and is preliminarily clarified the antagonistic mechanism and functions related to growth-promoting ability, which has potential application value for the prevention and control of Fusarium wilt.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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