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In order to understand the diversity of phenotypic traits in F1 segregation populations of date palm, this study used 143 F1 segregation populations of date palms as test materials to analyze the diversity, correlation, principal component and cluster analysis of 17 phenotypic traits, including plant height, crown breadth, stem girth, number of branches and leaf spot incidence. The results showed that there was a high degree of phenotypic variation and rich diversity in F1 segregation population of date palms. The variation degree of quantitative characters was high, the coefficient of variation ranged from 10.927% to 43.350%, and the coefficient of variation of stem girth was the largest. The coefficients of variation of quality traits ranged from 31.447% to 44.619%, among which the coefficients of variation of tiller leaf color and leaf hardness were 44.619% and 42.571%, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that plant height, crown breadth, stem girth, number of branches, the third branch of long, the thorn area length, the total number of tiller leaves, tiller leaves length, tiller leaves width, tiller leaf thickness and leaf color were positively correlated with each other. The incidence of leaf spot was negatively correlated with the other 16 traits. The principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the six principal components reached 87.51%, of which the characteristic value of the first principal component was 10.0836, and the contribution rate was 59.32%. It is mainly affected by the five indicators of plant height, third branch length, crown breadth, stem girth and branch number. The characteristic value of plant height is the largest, which is 0.2948, which mainly reflects the height and growth trend of date palm. The cluster analysis showed that the 143 F1 generation dates could be divided into five groups: Group Ⅰ included 33 dates with the smallest crown, the least number of branches, the shortest tiller leaves length, and the highest incidence of leaf spot disease. Group Ⅱ included 39 dates resources with the shortest plant height, the smallest stem girth, the shortest third branch length, and the heaviest incidence of leaf spot disease. Group Ⅲ included 23 dates resources with longer tiller leaves, darker tiller leaves, erect plant type and mild incidence of leaf spot disease. Group Ⅳ included 33 dates resources with excellent phenotypic traits such as large ratio of leaf length to width of tiller leaves, stiffer tiller leaves and the least incidence of leaf spot disease. Group Ⅴ included 14 dates resources with small ratio of tiller leaves length to width ratio and open plant type. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of superior parental traits in later stage of date palm.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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