The biological activity of loquat exosomes and cytosol on human skin cells in vitro was explored to provide a scientific basis for the development of skin care products. The loquat exosomes and cytosol were obtained by ultra-high-speed centrifugation and mechanical disruption, respectively. Firstly, the effect of different concentrations of loquat leaf-derived exosomes (loquat leaf-exo), loquat cell suspension culture-derived exosomes (loquat suspension-exo) and loquat cell suspension culture-derived cytosol (loquat suspension-cytosol) on cell viability of human skin fibroblasts (HSF) was detected by the CCK8 method. And then, HSF cells were treated with LPS (lipopolysaccharide) for inflammation modeling, and the concentration that significantly promoted the cell survival rate was selected, followed by adding exosomes or cytosolic treatment to detect cell apoptosis and migration ability. Secondly, the melanoma cells (A375) were subsequently treated with exosomes or cytosol, and the melanin content and tyrosinase activity were detected. The concentration of exosomes per gram of loquat leaves was 8.54×10⁹ particles, and the particle size was 86.78 nm; each milliliter (approximately equal to 1 g) of loquat suspension cells contained exosomes with a concentration of 8.67×10⁸ particles, with a particle size of 80.39 nm. At the concentration level of 20 μg/mL, loquat leaf-exo, loquat suspension-exo, and loquat suspension-cytosol all significantly increased the survival rate of HSF cells in vitro (P<0.05). Compared with the positive control (LPS treatment group), loquat leaf-exo at 20 μg/mL, loquat suspension-exo at 20 μg/mL and loquat suspension-cytosol at 10 μg/mL significantly reduced the apoptosis induced by LPS treatment (P<0.01), both significantly promoted cell migration (P<0.05). 5 μg/mL loquat suspension-exo and loquat suspension-cytosol could significantly reduce the melanin content of A375 cells in vitro, and loquat suspension-cytosol could also significantly reduce the tyrosinase activity (P<0.05).