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Pleurotus giganteus is a kind of rare edible fungus newly developed in China. It has typical high temperature resistance and plays an important role in the development of edible fungus industry in tropics. With the large-scale cultivation of P. giganteus in tropics, two strains with different fruiting temperature types were selected, which are suitable for cultivation in hot season and cold season respectively, and can effectively ensure the annual supply of the local P. giganteus market. In order to fully understand the nutritional needs and suitable culture conditions of P. giganteus mycelia, the screened high-temperature strain (PG46) and med-temperature strain (PG79) of P. giganteus were used as the materials to compare and analyze the biological characteristics and liquid fermentation conditions with single factor and orthogonal experimental methods, and the dynamic changes of mycelia growth in liquid fermentation were further studied. The experimental data were analyzed by SPSS 26 software. The experiment results of biological characteristics showed that in the single factor experiment, the growth conditions of PG46 and PG79 were basically the same, the optimal carbon source was maltose, the optimal nitrogen sources were yeast extract powder and peptone, the optimal pH was 7, and the optimal temperature was 25-28 ℃. However, the mycelia of PG79 began to suffer from heat stress at 30 ℃, and the colony morphology became irregular. The orthogonal experiment proofed the single factor results, and the impact order of each factor on the mycelia growth of P. giganteus was: nitrogen source > pH > temperature > carbon source. The experimental results of liquid fermentation showed that on the basis of biological characteristics, when the rotating speed was 150 r/min, the liquid volume was 120 mL, and the inoculation amount was 12%, it was more suitable for the mycelia growth of P. giganteus. The mycelial growth of PG46 and PG79 showed a dynamic pattern of "logarithmic growth", and the highest mycelia biomass was obtained at 15 d (0.95 g) and 13 d (1.09 g) respectively. The mycelia biomass of PG79 was always higher than that of PG46, which was consistent with the difference in growth rate between them (PG79>PG46). The study could provide references for the large-scale cultivation of P. giganteus strains with different temperature types, the optimization of heat stress conditions, cross breeding, and the further study of the phenotype and genotype of P. giganteus.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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