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The molecular mechanism of the formation of flower diversity is still unclear. In this study, the transcriptome and microRNA sequencing of Dendrobium officinale and D. loddigesii flower organs were performed, and the miRNA-mRNA network and target protein interaction network were constructed by cytoscape and compared at the molecular level. The results of transcriptome studies showed that mRNAs related to flower development had MADS-box AP3 gene, hormone genes, etc. The miRNA-mRNA network analysis showed that the differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs were involved in the differential formation of floral pattern, and miR5179 and its target genes AP3, miR160 and their target genes ARFs, miR164 and its target genes NAC021, miR159 and the target genes GAM1, bdi-miR159 and the target genes CKX9, miR167b-3p and the target genes ANT may be involved in floral pattern formation, and the above miRNA was upregulated in D. officinale. The protein interaction pathway showed that two kinds of dendrobium had the key gene of AP3, D. loddigesii lacked four genes: CUL1, TIR1, TIR1A and RBS; there weret wo differentially expressed ARFs genes in the auxin response interaction pathway of two Dendrobium, and D. loddigesii lacked one ARFI gene; D. loddigesii flora specifically possessed the protein interaction pathway of auxin signal transduction target genes constituted by the NAC021 gene. Differential expression of miRNAs/mRNAs in D. officinale and D. loddigesii and protein interaction of target genes may be the main mechanisms leading to the difference between the two Dendrobium flower types.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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