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Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum (Lindl. ex Hook. f.) Stein is a rare and endangered plant in China with high ornamental value. In order to explore the genetic characteristics of wild P. hirsutissimum resources in Southwest China, and contribute to the protection and utilization of the wild resources, this study used SSR molecular marker to analyze the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of 190 P. hirsutissimum resources which collected from six populations in Guangxi, Yunnan and Guizhou provinces in Southwest China. In this study, the results showed that ten pairs of primers with good amplification effect were selected from 115 pairs of primers, and 50 alleles were detected by 10 pairs of SSR primers of 190 P. hirsutissimum. The average number of alleles (Na) was five and the average number of effective alleles (Ne) was 2.4835. The average Shannon information index (I) was 0.8592. The average observed heterozygosity (Ho) was 0.4518 and the average expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.4387. The average polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.3996 and the average Nei's expected heterozygosty (h) was 0.4370. In this six wild P. hirsutissimum populations, the number of alleles (Na) was from 2.8000 to 4.3000. The number of effective alleles (Ne) was from 1.9655 to 2.4060. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) was from 0.3891 to 0.4839. The expected heterozygosity (He) was from 0.3795 to 0.4683. The Shannon information index (I) was from 0.6584 to 0.8369, and the Nei's expected heterozygosty (h) was from 0.3648 to 0.4382. In the six wild populations, the genetic diversity of Guangxi Yachang (GYC) and Guizhou Wanfeng Lake (QWF) populations was generally higher (h=0.4382, h=0.4276), while the genetic diversity of Guangxi Mulun (GML) population was relatively low (h=0.3648). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) results showed that genetic variation mainly occurred among individuals within the population (94%), while genetic differentiation within populations was very small (6%). UPGMA cluster analysis based on genetic distance showed that the genetic distance of the six P. hirsutissimum populations was very small, there was no obvious group division and the genetic distance was not completely related to the geographical location. The results of Structure and principal coordinate analysis were consistent with those of UPGMA cluster analysis. Structure and principal coordinate analysis results showed that there was homogenization among the populations, and there was no obvious group division. In summary, the genetic diversity of Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum resources is relatively rich, which can provide a theoretical basis for the protection and utilization of wild P. hirsutissimum resources in Southwest China.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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