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In order to understand the diversity and distribution characteristics of orchids in Gexigou National Nature Reserve in Sichuan province, a systematic survey was conducted using the line transect combined with sample sampling method from 2020 to 2021. A total length of 95 km including 17 lines were set up, covering various function, habitat and elevation of the reserve. 34 species of Orchidaceae in 20 genera were investigated. Among them, 10 were rare and endangered species, five were wild species under second-class national protection; and two (Liparis brunnea and L. rostrate) were new record species in Sichuan province. Most of them were mainly in terrestrial orchid of life type and absolutely dominant in north temperate zone of geographical. A total of 6703 orchids of 34 species were investigated and distributed in 290 sites. Galearis spathulata and Neottia megalochila were the most and least abundant species respectively, and Epipactis helleborine was the most widely-distributed. Among them, the height of Cypripedium guttatum showed a significant negative correlation with elevation, while there was a slightly correlation in other species. Most of Orchidaceae genera were distributed in 3100-3300 m, followed by 2900-3100 m, while the maximum number of individuals were distributed in 3900-4100 m. The number of Cephalanthera longifolia was positively correlated with slope significantly, the number of Galearis spathulata was positively correlated with elevation significantly, the number of Herminium lanceum was positively correlated with vegetation significantly, the number of whole genus of Herminium was positively correlated with elevation moderately. In general, the orchid resources in Gexigou Nature Reserve are relatively rich, and more distribute in the middle elevation. The number of some species is significantly correlated with environmental factors. Compared with the previous investigations in this reserve, the number of orchid species is significantly increased. However, three national protected species of Cypripedium with high ornamental value were not found, and the population of one species of Cypripedium decreased. Therefore, it is urgent to protect, publicize and enforce the law on orchids in the reserve.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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