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Camellia oleifera from Hainan possesses unique quality traits. Public attention to both quality of life and nutritional health is increasing, while market oversight of food safety is being continuously strengthened. An in-depth analysis of the soil characteristics in the forestlands of Hainan's main C. oleifera planting regions and the impact on the elemental composition of the seeds can fully reveal the safety attributes of Hainan C. oleifera seeds. In this study, a total of 11 sample plots were selected from the main C. oleifera planting areas of Hainan. Soil pH, nutrient contents (including organic carbon, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, rapidly available potassium, and slowly available potassium), and heavy metal elements (copper, zinc, and lead) were measured. Simultaneously, elemental indicators in C. oleifera seeds, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, total calcium, total magnesium, total copper, total zinc, and lead, were determined. Duncan's multiple range test was employed to analyze the differences among various indicators and translocation factors. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the influence of soil properties on seed elements. The results indicated that the soils in the main C. oleifera planting areas of Hainan Island ranged from strongly acidic to weakly acidic (pH 3.83-6.90), with significant spatial variation in nutrient content. The DA-1 plot had the highest organic matter content; BT-1 had the highest total nitrogen; HK-1 had the highest total phosphorus and available potassium; and QH-2 had the highest available phosphorus. Notably high levels of copper and zinc were found in the HK-1 plot, while the DA-2 plot exhibited elevated lead content. The contents of the seven nutrient elements in C. oleifera seeds differed extremely significantly (P<0.01), with total calcium showing the largest coefficient of variation (41.2%). Four sample plots, HK-1 (enriched in macronutrients), QH-2 (advantageous in micronutrients), QH-1 (comprehensively balanced), and DA-1 (exhibiting high protein-micronutrient synergy), were identified as high quality resources. The elemental enrichment factors exhibited pronounced plot-specific characteristics, with WZS-1 (for phosphorus), QH-2 (for potassium), DZ-1 (for copper), and CM-1 (for nitrogen and zinc) showing outstanding performance. Correlation analysis confirmed that soil pH was highly significantly positively correlated with the accumulation of magnesium and potassium in C. oleifera seeds, organic matter was strongly associated with seed copper content, and available phosphorus showed significant positive correlations with calcium and zinc contents. This study reveals that maintaining slightly acidic to neutral soil, increasing organic fertilizer application, and balancing phosphorus fertilization are key measures for enhancing the nutritional quality of C. oleifera seeds in Hainan. It would provide a theoretical basis for the selection of high-quality seed resources, targeted cultivation practices, and the optimization of processed product quality.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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