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Rubber tree anthracnose is one of the two major foliar diseases of rubber trees, ranking second in severity only to powdery mildew. It has caused significant economic losses to rubber latex production during rubber tree cultivation in China. Against this backdrop, this study focuses on the pathogen of rubber tree anthracnose, investigating its fundamental biological characteristics, molecular identification, antifungal spectrum determination of biocontrol agents, and green prevention strategies. The research begins with a survey of anthracnose incidence in major rubber tree cultivation areas of Hainan province, collecting diseased leaves from rubber forests in Qionghai, Baoting and Chengmai. Pathogenic fungi were isolated and purified, followed by molecular identification and antifungal spectrum analysis by biocontrol agents. Finally, a strain (HZS-BT) isolated from Baoting was subjected to fundamental biological characteristic studies. The findings reveal that, through field surveys of rubber tree anthracnose in various regions of Hainan, it was observed that currently predominant rubber tree varieties in Hainan, such as RY73397, PR107 and RRIM600, exhibit poor resistance to anthracnose under current climatic and ecological conditions. By amplifying core genes, multiplex gene sequencing, and specific primer detection, followed by BLAST comparison with genome sequences of standard strains in the NCBI database, the anthracnose pathogen strain HZS-BT isolated from Baoting was identified as Colletotrichum siamense. The optimal growth temperature for the tested anthracnose strain is 28 ℃, with a preferred pH of 8.0, though the strain demonstrates a broad pH adaptability range. The most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources for its growth are sorbitol and beef extract, respectively. Antifungal spectrum analysis indicates that all 11 biocontrol strains possess potential for biological control applications against anthracnose. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the green prevention of rubber tree anthracnose.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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