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Ocimum gratissimum is widely utilized due to its significant medicinal and culinary value. However, substantial variations in volatile components and medicinal metabolite content exist among different germplasms, influenced by geographical origin, cultivation conditions, and environmental factors. The variations directly impact the stability of pharmacological efficacy and industrial-scale production. To address this, the present study employed an integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics approach to systematically investigate the aroma profiles, metabolite composition, and regulatory mechanisms of two distinct O. gratissimum germplasms (G096 and G134). Sensory evaluation confirmed that both accessions exhibited a characteristic clove-like aroma. Metabolomic analysis identified 1094 volatile metabolites, with 784 showing significant differential accumulation between the two germplasms. Correlation analysis between differential metabolites and sensory attributes revealed that eugenol was the key metabolite responsible for the distinctive flavor of O. gratissimum. Transcriptomic profiling identified 54 936 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 27 220 upregulated and 27 716 downregulated genes. Through metabolic pathway prediction, a biosynthetic pathway for eugenol in O. gratissimum was constructed, identifying PAL, C4H, 4CL, HCT and C3'H as critical regulatory genes governing eugenol biosynthesis. This study would not only elucidate the biosynthetic mechanism of the primary flavor compounds in O. gratissimum, but also provide a crucial molecular theoretical foundation for quality improvement and standardized production. The findings would hold significant scientific and practical value for advancing the industrial development of O. gratissimum.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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