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Mango is one of the most widely cultivated and economically significant fruit trees in tropical regions of China, playing a vital role in optimizing agricultural structure and promoting rural revitalization. Scientifically delineating suitable planting zones for mango is essential for precise resource allocation and the high-quality development of the industry. However, most existing studies focus on climatic and topographic factors, with insufficient systematic consideration of soil physicochemical properties. In addition, current suitability evaluations often suffer from strong subjectivity in indicator selection and low integration of evaluation methods. To address these gaps, this study took Sanya city as the research area and developed a comprehensive evaluation model for mango planting suitability. First, the MaxEnt model was employed to identify key environmental factors and extract response curves for constructing membership functions. Second, an improved three-scale Analytic Hierarchy Process (3-scale AHP) and the entropy weight method were applied to determine subjective and objective weights, respectively, which were then integrated using a game theory-based weighting approach. Finally, the study area was classified into three planting suitability zones based on a comprehensive suitability index, and field surveys were conducted for validation. Bulk density, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), silt content, total potassium, soil type, slope, elevation, sunshine hours during the fruit maturity and harvest period, and annual maximum temperature were the ten dominant factors, with soil-related variables playing a critical role in the model. The suitable area covered 117 939 hm2, accounting for 61% of Sanya's total area, with the most advantageous zones concentrated in southern Yazhou and southern Tianya. Advantageous zones were characterized by "low elevation–slightly acidic–potassium-rich–high permeability–high sunshine" conditions, which are conducive to high and stable mango yields with premium quality. The "factor selection–membership function construction–game theory-based weighting–suitability zoning" evaluation framework proposed in this study would provide both theoretical and methodological support for precision planting of tropical fruit trees and the optimization of regional agricultural spatial layouts.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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