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The heavy texture, acidification, compaction and water-air imbalance of red soils constrain crop yield enhancement. To investigate the combined effects of aerated irrigation and nitrogen application on maize yield and water-nitrogen use efficiency in red soil regions, this study employed a four-year (2021—2024) field-based design using Huiyu Sweet 3 corn as the test variety. Four treatments were established: no nitrogen application (CK), low nitrogen (N1, 150 kg/hm²), medium nitrogen (N2, 300 kg/hm²), and high nitrogen (N3, 450 kg/hm²) treatments. The study measured the effects of aerated irrigation technology on soil physicochemical properties, maize nitrogen use efficiency, and yield under different nitrogen fertilizer levels. Results indicated that aerated irrigation combined with nitrogen fertilization significantly improved soil bulk density in the plow layer (0–40 cm), with N2 and N3 treatments showing superior effects. Average soil bulk density decreased significantly by 3.87% and 5.23% compared to CK, respectively, while total soil porosity increased significantly by 5.40% and 6.27%, respectively. Under the N2 treatment, soil water storage capacity significantly increased compared to CK. Nitrogen application elevated soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content in the plow layer. The soil carbon-to-nitrogen ratio decreased with increasing nitrogen application rates, effectively promoting soil microbial growth, particularly bacterial biomass accumulation, with N2 treatment yielding the best results. Under aerated irrigation conditions, nitrogen fertilization improved maize yield traits, with N2 yielding the best results, achieving a significant average yield increase of 63.7% compared to CK. Fitting the relationship between maize yield and nitrogen application rate under aerated irrigation revealed that grain yield peaked at nitrogen application rates of 250–350 kg/hm². The agronomic efficiency (4.50–25.10 kg/kg) and nitrogen use efficiency (30.1%–41.9%) were higher under N1 and N2 treatments. In summary, considering nitrogen fertilizer reduction, corn yield maximization, and efficient nitrogen utilization, applying 250–350 kg/hm² of pure nitrogen improves soil physicochemical properties and enhances water retention capacity under aerated irrigation in Guangdong's red soil regions, effectively boosting corn yield and nitrogen utilization. These findings provide theoretical support and practical pathways for improving the aeration of clayey red soils in southern China.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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