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Phosphorus (P), a crucial nutrient, has a significant impact on the growth, development, and productivity of sweetpotato. Establishing an evaluation system for low-phosphorus tolerance in sweetpotato and screening for low-phosphorus tolerant sweetpotato varieties can provide essential foundational support for the further development, breeding, and utilization of low-phosphorus tolerant sweet potato resources. In this study, 30 sweet potato varieties were selected. Field experiments with phosphorus deficiency were conducted, involving two phosphorus treatment conditions, no phosphorus application (0 kg/hm2) and normal phosphorus supply (110 kg/hm2). At the harvest stage, 14 characteristic traits were measured, including fibrous root fresh weight, lateral root of storage root fresh weight, single storage root fresh weight, storage root fresh weight per plant, storage root number per plant, fibrous root dry weight, lateral root of storage root dry weight, storage root dry weight, leaf fresh weight, stem fresh weight, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, relative chlorophyll content and root/shoot ratio. The low-phosphorus tolerance coefficient for each index was calculated. Principal component analysis, correlation analysis, and cluster analysis were performed using the comprehensive membership function method to evaluate the low-phosphorus tolerance of each sweet potato cultivar. Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative variance contribution rate of the five principal components reached 80.36%, indicating these indicators fully reflected the low-phosphorus tolerance of sweetpotato varieties. The comprehensive low-phosphorus tolerance evaluation value (D) was calculated via the membership function method, with D values ranging from 0.30 to 0.79. The varieties were classified into four grades, high tolerance, medium tolerance, low tolerance, and non-tolerance. Through systematic cluster analysis, Qiongshu4 was identified as a high-tolerance variety, Silky, Fushu8, and Shanchuanzi were classified as medium-tolerance varieties, Yanshu25, Taishu14, and Xuzishu8 were low-tolerance varieties, and Annayu, Jinshu17, and Xinxiang were low phosphorus-sensitive varieties. The key evaluation indicators for low-phosphorus tolerance in sweet potato at harvest stage were determined to be the yield per plant (storage root fresh weight per plant), fibrous root fresh weight, lateral root of storage root fresh weight, fibrous root dry weight, leaf fresh weight, stem fresh weight, leaf dry weight, and stem dry weight. This study would provide a theoretical basis for breeding and utilizing new low-phosphorus-tolerant sweetpotato varieties.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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