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Dalbergia odorifera is a rare perennial plant valued for both its medicinal and aromatic properties. However, its long growth cycle and slow maturation to meet traditional medicinal standards are major constraints for its rational utilization and development. To investigate the active components in its roots and facilitate the use, this study utilized aeroponic cultivation to rapidly obtain a substantial quantity of high-quality roots from one-year-old seedlings. Comparative transcriptome analysis between soil-cultivated roots and aeroponic roots was conducted using high-throughput sequencing to identify key genes and pathways involved in root secondary metabolite biosynthesis. The results revealed 7731 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups, with 4447 upregulated and 3284 downregulated. GO, KEGG and GSEA enrichment analyses indicated that the DEGs were primarily associated with defense signal transduction, amino acid metabolism, and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Specifically, sesquiterpene and triterpene biosynthesis pathways and defense signal transduction pathways were highly expressed in soil-cultivated roots, whereas amino acid metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways were upregulated in aeroponic roots. Further analysis identified candidate key DEGs related to secondary metabolite synthesis: evm.TU.scaffold_100.907, MSTRG.3788, evm.TU.scaffold_233.200, evm.TU.scaffold_111.78 and evm.TU.scaffold_5.71 in the flavonoid pathway, and evm.TU.scaffold_36.788, MSTRG.8652, evm.TU.scaffold_40.382, MSTRG.27285 and MSTRG.28295 in the sesquiterpene pathway. This study preliminarily elucidates the differences in gene expression between soil-cultivated roots and aeroponic roots, uncovering genes and pathways regulating secondary metabolite synthesis. The findings would provide valuable data and references for the further development and utilization of D. odorifera root resources.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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