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Fruit quality is the key indicator to measure the commodity value of fruit, and the indicators such as single fruit weight, fruit shape and fruit determination degree (DD) are particularly crucial, which directly affect consumers' desire to buy. In addition, primary metabolites are indispensable substances in the process of plant growth and development, which are widely present in all plants, providing basal metabolites and energy support for plant growth, development and reproduction. Primary metabolites such as sugars, organic acids, amino acids and inositol are the key factors affecting fruit quality, and they are also important criteria for measuring fruit flavor and texture. With the improvement of consumers' living standards and the pursuit of healthy fruits, a large amount of data is needed to screen out Annona squamosa varieties with high nutritional value and high sugar. Yunnan's hot and dry valley climate provides an excellent environment for the fruit to thrive. In order to explore the differences in fruit quality and the composition and content of primary metabolites in the pulp of the four varieties of A. squamosa in the dry and hot river valley of Yunnan Province, the varieties with high nutritional value and high sugar were screened. Four varieties (AP, Damu, Fengli and Liulian) from the planting base of Yuanjiang County, Yuxi City, Yunnan Province were used as the test materials. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to determine the composition and content of primary metabolites per unit weight of fresh fruit pulp, and the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used for comprehensive analysis and evaluation. Among the four cultivars in the dry-hot valley area of Yunnan, AP A. squamosa had the largest single fruit weight. The content of soluble solids (TSS) in Liulian A. squamosa was the highest. The fruit shape of the Damu A. squamosa is oval, and the other three varieties are oblong; The fruit DD of Fengli A. squamosa was the smallest, and there was no significant difference among the other three cultivars. A total of 43 primary metabolites were detected in the pulp of the four cultivars, including 9 amino acids, 13 organic acids, inositol and 20 soluble sugars. Further analysis of the contents of various primary metabolites in the pulp of the four varieties showed that the contents of sucrose, fructose, glucose, allulose, citric acid and malic acid were the main among the 43 primary metabolites. The contents of glucose, allulose, citric acid and malic acid in Liulian A. squamosa were significantly higher than those of other varieties, and the contents of sucrose and fructose in AP A. squamosa were significantly higher than those of other varieties. In addition, some primary metabolites had significant cultivarity specificity, among which leucine, acetamide acid, xylulose and threonate were only detected in AP A. squamosa. Trehalose is only detected in Liulian A. squamosa. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the variance contribution rate of PC1 was 48.3%, that of PC2 was 25.8%, and that of cumulative variance was 74.1%. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to screen 19 primary metabolites as the characteristic differential metabolites in VIP≥1, including 5 amino acids, serine, L-hydroxyproline, leucine, L-norvaline and L-glutamic acid. 2 organic acids, acetamide and 2-ketoglutarate; 7 soluble sugars, namely D-(+)-xylose, D-arabinose, hexapyranose, xylulose, L-threonose, L-(-)-fucose, sucrose, d-galactose, D-(+)-pinedisinose, maltose and D-(+)-cellobiose; and inositol. From the perspective of basic quality and primary metabolite level, the fruit TSS and primary metabolite content of Liulian A. squamosa were the highest, while the TSS of Fengli A. squamosa was moderate and the outer gauge was the most regular. Therefore, the two varieties can be promoted and planted as A. squamosa varieties with high nutritional value and high sugar in dry and hot river valleys.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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