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The study determined quality indexes including single fruit mass, longitudinal and transverse fruit diameter, peel thickness, edible rate, soluble solids and titratable acid of 51 pomelo accessions to analyze the fruit quality characteristics of different pomelo germplasm resources and establish a comprehensive evaluation system. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were employed to comprehensively evaluate the fruit quality. The fruit longitudinal diameter ranged from 64.00 to 191.00 mm, with transverse diameter measured between 76.00 and 170.90 mm. Fruit shape index values varied from 0.82 to 1.35, while single fruit mass spanned 220.00 to 1750.00 g. Peel mass was recorded between 50.00 and 996.00 g, with edible rates from 19% to 81%. Peel thickness measurements showed variation from 4.00 to 39.67 mm. Segment number per fruit was 10-20, soluble solids content ranged 4.50%-10.90%, and titratable acid level was 0.13%-2.96%. The solid-acid ratio varied between 2.70 and 41.70, with number of seeds ranging from 0 to 224. It indicated that the phenotypic diversity of pomelo germplasm resources in Hekou, Yunnan was rich. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that longitudinal diameter exhibited significant positive correlations with fruit shape index and single fruit mass. Transverse diameter showed extremely significant positive correlations with single fruit mass and peel mass. Significant negative correlations were observed between edible rate and peel thickness, titratable acid and solid acid ratio. Cluster analysis grouped the resources into approximately four categories, with each group displaying substantial difference in both external appearance and internal quality. By principal component analysis (PCA), the 13 traits were integrated into 4 principal components, and the contribution rate of the first principal component was 31.614%. The longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, single fruit mass and peel mass contributed more. The contribution rate of the second principal component was 16.842%, which was based on edible percentage, number of segments and soluble solid. The contribution rate of the third principal component was 15.397%, and the contribution rate of titratable acid was larger. The contribution rate of the fourth principal component was 14.686%, which was based on the number of seeds. After fruit quality analysis and comprehensive evaluation, Yunqing 1, Green peel and red flesh Pomelo, Huangjin pomelo, Guanxi red flesh pomelo, Dongshizao Pomelo, and Wanbai Pomelo demonstrated superior comprehensive quality and were recommended as candidate materials for main cultivars or breeding parents in Hekou, Yunnan.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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