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10 inflorescence traits of 200 domestic and international Macadamia germplasms in the Jinghong Macadamia Germplasm Repository of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs were evaluated using QGA Station combined with different genetic distance metrics, clustering methods, sampling strategies, and sampling proportions to conduct a core macadamia collection construction. The optimal methodology for core collection development was identified as “Mahalanobis distance+multi-clustering deviation sampling+centroid clustering method+15% sampling proportion”, resulting in a core collection comprising 30 accessions. The mean difference percentage, variance difference percentage, range coincidence rate and variation coefficient change of core collection and original collection was 0.00%, 90.00%, 99.31% and 150.08%, respectively. No significant differences in trait means were detected between the core and original collections (T-test). The variances of all traits in the core collection exceeded those of the original collection, with 9 traits showing statistically significant differences. While genetic diversity indices slightly decreased, the conformity rate for all traits remained above 80%. Principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that the cumulative variance contribution rate of the first three principal components was 74.118% and 84.350% for the original and core collections, respectively, with congruent geometric structures in their PCA scatterplots. Correlation analysis further confirmed that trait relationships in the core collection closely mirrored those of the original collection. The core collection comprised 8 Australian accessions, 10 Hawaiian accessions, 9 China Yunnan accessions, and 3 accessions of special types, exhibiting a degree of geographic representativeness. Analyses using both cluster analysis and PCA on the core collection revealed that domestic and foreign accessions were distinguishable to a certain extent based on the inflorescence phenotypes. The Macadamia core collection developed in this study, based on inflorescence phenotypic traits, effectively represents the genetic diversity of the original collection and would provide a robust foundation for future research on Macadamia genetic resources.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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