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Morphological Study on Staining the Laticifers in Taraxacum kok-saghyz Roots Using Sodium Bromide (NaBr) and Hydrogen Bromide (HBr) Replacing Bromine (Br2)
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Shuoheng ZHENG1, 2, Xiaoyu DU2, Minjing SHI2, Shuguang YANG2, Shaohua WU2, Weimin TIAN3, **, Shixin ZHANG3, **, Hua ZHANG1, **
Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops | 2025, 46(8) : 1874 - 1885
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Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops | 2025, 46(8): 1874-1885
• Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry •
Morphological Study on Staining the Laticifers in Taraxacum kok-saghyz Roots Using Sodium Bromide (NaBr) and Hydrogen Bromide (HBr) Replacing Bromine (Br2)
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Shuoheng ZHENG1, 2, Xiaoyu DU2, Minjing SHI2, Shuguang YANG2, Shaohua WU2, Weimin TIAN3, **, Shixin ZHANG3, **, Hua ZHANG1, **
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Resources and Environment, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Xizang 860000, China
  • 2.Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding / Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Hainan Key Laboratory for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 3.Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
Published: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.08.010
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The root system of Taraxacum kok-saghyz (short for TK) contains laticifers capable of producing natural rubber, and the structure and properties closely resemble the laticifers of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). So,. Tk is recognized as an ideal alternative plant source for natural rubber production. Due to morphological disparities between Hevea and Taraxacum, conventional iodine-bromine (I2Br2) staining proves unsuitable for laticifers morphological studies in T. kok-saghyz. Furthermore, bromine (Br2), the primary component of traditional I2Br2 staining solution, is classified as a Category II precursor chemical under stringent regulatory controls owing to its potent corrosivity, irritancy, and high procurement/transportation costs. To develop safer and more economical staining protocols for laticifer morphology, this study substituted Br2 with sodium bromide (NaBr) and hydrogen bromide (HBr). Light microscopic analysis of root sections stained with various NaBr/HBr-I2 formulations revealed I2Br2 staining induced light tan coloration of latex in laticifer, but caused severe structural degradation, and yielding suboptimal staining and section quality, NaBr-based formulation (1 mol/L NaBr+0.2 mol/L I2 in acetic acid) demonstrated improved staining efficacy with preserved root morphology, HBr-based formulation (2.5 mmol/L HBr+0.2 mol/L I2 in acetic acid) achieved optimal staining intensity while maintaining perfect histological integrity, and aqueous solvent systems (NaBr/HBr+I2 in H2O) failed to stain laticifers and induced significant tissue damage. The results confirmed that NaBr and HBr could serve as safer, cost-effective alternatives to Br2 for laticifer morphological studies. The developed methodologies would provide critical technical foundations for investigating laticifers in non-woody rubber-producing plants, including T. kok-saghyz, Lactuca species, etc.

Taraxacum kok-saghyz  /  laticifer  /  optical microscopy technique  /  sodium bromide  /  hydrogen bromide
Shuoheng ZHENG, Xiaoyu DU, Minjing SHI, Shuguang YANG, Shaohua WU, Weimin TIAN, Shixin ZHANG, Hua ZHANG. Morphological Study on Staining the Laticifers in Taraxacum kok-saghyz Roots Using Sodium Bromide (NaBr) and Hydrogen Bromide (HBr) Replacing Bromine (Br2)[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (8) : 1874 -1885 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.08.010
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.08.010
  • Receive Date：2025-02-18
  • Online Date：2026-06-24
  • Published：2025-08-25
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History
  • Received：2025-02-18
  • Accepted：2025-04-09
Funding
Affiliations
    1.College of Resources and Environment, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Xizang 860000, China
    2.Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding / Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Hainan Key Laboratory for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
    3.Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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