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Rubber tree is one of the “Three Trees” of Hainan, and it is cultivated in several cities and counties across the island. Rubber tree powdery mildew is a typical airborne fungal disease that occurs annually, severely affecting rubber yield and tree health. This study analyzed the potential airborne dispersal pathways of rubber tree powdery mildew spores from February 1, 2021, to March 31, 2023, with a focus on Baoting as the starting point for spore diffusion. Using the Lagrangian Hybrid Single-Particle Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model, airflow trajectories at various altitudes were simulated, and trajectory clustering analysis was performed with TrajStat software and the MeteoInfoMap platform to identify representative air mass transport paths. Results indicated that Baoting was the earliest outbreak area of rubber tree powdery mildew in Hainan, where airflows predominantly spreaded southwestward and northwestward, covering neighboring regions such as Sanya, Ledong and Wuzhishan. This suggests that spore dispersal via airflow may accelerate disease progression in the areas. Additionally, the study found that the spatiotemporal dynamics of spore spread primarily occurred from January to April each year, coinciding with the spring temperature and humidity conditions in Hainan and the phenological stages of rubber trees. The average budburst and disease onset times in Baoting preceded those in other regions, further the importance of Baoting as an early monitoring and warning site for powdery mildew in rubber trees. In conclusion, this study reveals the regional spatiotemporal transmission patterns of powdery mildew spores in Hainan island through the simulation and analysis of airborne spore dispersal from Baoting. The findings would provide scientific evidence and technical support for the formulation of targeted regional control measures, contributing to the effective management of powdery mildew and the stable development of Hainan’s rubber industry.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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