In order to explore the characteristics and molecular regulation mechanism of high temperature albinism of tea variety Yaoqiu (YQ) and its molecular regulation mechanism, the effects of low temperature albinism on the shoot with one bud and two leaves of tea variety YQ in spring (YQC), summer (YQX), autumn albinism (YQQ) and autumn green (YQQL), and Baiye No. 1 (BY1H) in spring albinism (BY1HC), their biochemical components, and transcriptome sequencing were carried out on the new shoots in summer (BY1HX) and autumn (BY1HQ). The results of biochemical analysis showed that the total free amino acid content and tea polyphenols content of YQQ albino fresh leaves were lower than those of YQC green fresh leaves, and the difference of total free amino acid content was significant; while the total free amino acid content of BY1HC albino fresh leaves was significantly higher than that of BY1HQ green fresh leaves, and the tea polyphenols content was significantly lower than that of BY1HQ green fresh leaves. Cluster analysis revealed that the gene expression profiles of YQQ albino fresh leaves formed a distinct cluster. The comparison between YQQ and BY1HQ exhibited the highest number of differentially expressed genes. The new shoot leaves of YQ showed an albino phenotype induced by high-temperature stress in late summer and early autumn. This stress affected the structure of microtubules, cells, and subcellular components, leading to a reduction in the contents of amino acids and polyphenols. The three functional categories exhibiting the most significant gene enrichment were microtubule binding, movement of cellular or subcellular components, and non-membrane-bound organelles. Similarly, the top three pathways with the highest significance in gene enrichment were the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway, and the amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism pathway. Through gene co-expression network analysis, modules exhibiting high expression levels were identified. Subsequently, the ten genes demonstrating the highest total connectivity (K value) were selected for further analysis and annotation. Notably, the functions of genes TGY042732 and the novel gene designated as novel.276 could not be predicted. These findings would provide a theoretical foundation for understanding the phenomenon of albinism in tea resources under conditions of elevated temperature.