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Camellia oleifera is a significant woody oil tree species that is extensively cultivated in southern China. It displays a notable degree of diversity in phenotypic traits, such as fruit, leaf and tree shapes, etc.. In the present study, 100 C. oleifera seedling trees were collected and 33 phenotypic traits were subjected to the comprehensive evaluation. In the diversity analysis of quantitative traits, the coefficient of variation (CV) was ranged from 8.81% to 56.85%, with the number of flowers per unit area (NFPUA) exhibiting the greatest variability (56.85%), and the fruit shape index (FSI) demonstrated the least variability (8.81%). The diversity index of quantitative traits exhibited a range of 1.13 to 4.61, indicating a notable degree of genetic diversity in fruit and leaf traits. Cluster analysis classified the 100 germplasm accessions into five categories. The first category was characterized by dark fruit colour, a rounder fruit shape, and taller trees. The second category exhibited flattened fruit shape and heavier fruit weight with narrower tree cannopy. The third category was characterized by longer fruit shapes with heaviest single fruit weight, and smaller but denser tree canopies. The fourth category was distinguished by mainly round fruits, lighter single fruit weight, and larger leaf area. The fifth category exhibited elongated fruits with thicker peels and more opened tree canopy. Principal component analysis yielded 12 principal components, collectively accounted for 79.174% of the cumulative contribution rate, including traits such as fruit diameter, single fruit weight, and fresh seed weight. Based on the results of the principal component analysis, superior C. oleifera accessions were selected for further observation. This study demonstrated that C. oleifera germplasm resources in Hainan province exhibited a high level of phenotypic trait diversity. The research would provide a theoretical base for the genetic improvement of C. oleifera.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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