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Biomass is a key factor in plant evolutionary adaptation and yield, and obtaining high-yield crop varieties is always a basic requirement for crop breeding. In this study, a mutant Mu with increased biomass was discovered during the tissue culture of Setaria viridis ME34, and the trait can be stably inherited to the next generation. Through the observation of the phenotype of S. viridis and statistical analysis of the agronomic traits of seedlings and adults, it was found that the biomass (fresh and dry weight) of the mutant seedlings and the adult plant height of S. viridis mutant was significantly higher than that of the wild-type plants, and the spike length and seed length were also significantly longer than those of the S. viridis wild-type plants, reaching a highly significant level. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on the leaves and stems of ME34 and Mu, and some genes were validated by RT-PCR. Differential expression gene analysis revealed that the genes related to nitrogen metabolism and regulation accounted for about 20% of the total differential genes. GO functional and KEGG enrichment analysis also revealed a close relationship between biomass and nitrogen metabolism and regulation. The DEGseq method was used to analyze the changes in the differentially expressed genes, and some related genes involved in nitrogen absorption, transport, assimilation, and reuse were obtained, such as nitrate transporter NRT, ammonium transporter AMT, nitrate reductase NR, nitrite reductase NiR, glutamate synthase GOGAT, NLP family transcription factors, and serine threonine protein kinase. Through the above research, important molecular basis and foundation are provided for the breeding work of crops such as foxtail millet.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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