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Cassava roots were used as the raw material. Single factor tests combined with the Box-Behnken response surface method were used to optimize the extraction process of cassava crude polysaccharide (CPCR) assisted by ultrasonic wave, and the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of cassava tuber roots by four different enzymes was analyzed. The results showed that the four enzymatic hydrolysis processes were different. The extraction yield of CPCR with enzyme was significantly higher than that without enzyme. The CPCR yield of the four enzymes was α-medium temperature>pullulanase>hemicellulase>α-low-temperature amylase, the ultrasonic treatment time of α-low-temperature amylase was the longest (360 min), but the CPCR yield was the lowest (7.02%). The α-medium temperature CPCR yield was the highest (20.25%), and the best enzymatic extraction process was as follows: ultrasonic power 300 W, ultrasonic temperature 70 ℃, enzyme content 5 KU/g, solid-liquid ratio (g/mL) 1∶2.5, and ultrasonic time 240 min. The ultrasonic treatment time of pullulanase was the shortest (60 min), and the CPCR yield was 13.98%. The yield of CPCR under hemicellulase hydrolysis was 7.99%. The optimized conditions were further verified, and the results showed that the yield of crude polysaccharide was close to the predicted value. However, the crude polysaccharide content was also detected under the condition that only enzyme was added without cassava sample, and the extraction rate of medium temperature α-amylase was still the highest (17.22%) after deducting the influence of enzyme. It can be seen that medium temperature α-amylase enzymatic hydrolysis of cassava tuber roots is an efficient way to extract CPCR. This study is expected to provide technique basis for its further research and utilization of crude polysaccharide.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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